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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 82: e0032, 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449770

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT This report describes a case of retinal racemose hemangioma that first presented as a vitreous hemorrhage. The authors present the case of a 47-year-old woman with a sudden 5-day painless visual loss in her left eye. At the first visit, the best-correct visual acuities were 20/20 in the right eye and hand motions in the left eyes. Ultrasonography showed an attached retina and a massive vitreous hemorrhage. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed and a dilatation of large vessels was detected bulging from the optic disc. The best-correct visual acuities on day 30 postoperatively was 20/25 in the left eye. Fundus angiography and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography showed anomalous arteriovenous communications with no intervening capillaries. The diagnosis was racemose hemangioma, an arteriovenous malformation of group 2 retina based on the Archer classification.


RESUMO Este relato descreve um caso de hemangioma racemoso da retina que se apresentou inicialmente como hemorragia vítrea. Os autores apresentam o caso de uma mulher de 47 anos com perda visual súbita e indolor 5 dias antes no olho esquerdo. Na primeira visita, a melhor acuidade visual corrigida foi de 20/20 no olho direito e movimentos das mãos no olho esquerdo. A ultrassonografia mostrou uma retina aderida e uma hemorragia vítrea maciça. Foi realizada vitrectomia pars plana, sendo detectada proliferação de grandes vasos salientes do disco óptico. A acuidade visual no dia 30 de pós-operatório foi de 20/25 no olho esquerdo. A angiografia de retina e a angiotomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral mostraram comunicações arteriovenosas anômalas sem capilares intermediários. O diagnóstico foi hemangioma racemoso, uma malformação arteriovenosa da retina do grupo 2 com base na classificação de Archer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Arteriovenous Malformations/complications , Retinal Vessels/abnormalities , Vitreous Hemorrhage/etiology , Angiography , Hemangioma/complications , Arteriovenous Malformations/surgery , Arteriovenous Malformations/diagnosis , Retinal Diseases , Retinal Vessels/diagnostic imaging , Vitrectomy , Vitreous Hemorrhage/surgery , Vitreous Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Ultrasonography , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Hemangioma/surgery , Hemangioma/diagnosis
2.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 82: e0012, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431670

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Cavernous sinus and superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis is a rare clinical condition, and little described in the literature. The clinical presentation is nonspecific and highly variable, and symptoms may include red eye, ophthalmoplegia, coma, and death. The main etiology results from infection of the paranasal sinuses. The final diagnosis must be made through imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging. We describe a case of cavernous sinus and superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis after COVID-19 infection in a 64-year-old patient with persistent ocular hyperemia and pain on eye movement. Ophthalmological examination showed preserved visual acuity, conjunctival hyperemia, dilation of episcleral vessels and retinal vascular tortuosity in the right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis. The association with the COVID-19 was raised, excluding other infectious causes. Enoxaparin and Warfarin were started with significant improvement in the ocular clinical presentation and maintenance of initial visual acuity after 12 months of follow-up.


RESUMO A trombose de seio cavernoso e veia oftálmica superior é uma condição clínica rara e pouco descrita na literatura. A apresentação clínica é inespecífica e altamente variável. Os sintomas podem incluir olho vermelho, oftalmoplegia, coma e morte. A etiologia principal resulta da infecção dos seios paranasais. O diagnóstico final deve ser efetuado por meio de exames de imagem, como ressonância magnética. Descrevemos um caso de trombose de seio cavernoso e veia oftálmica superior após COVID-19 em paciente de 64 anos e com quadro de hiperemia ocular persistente e dor à movimentação ocular. Ao exame oftalmológico, observou-se acuidade visual preservada, hiperemia conjuntival, dilatação de vasos episclerais e tortuosidade vascular retiniana em olho direito. A ressonância confirmou o diagnóstico. A associação com a COVID-19 foi levantada, excluindo-se demais causas infecciosas. Prescrevemos enoxaparina e varfarina, com melhora do quadro clínico ocular e manutenção da acuidade visual inicial após 12 meses de acompanhamento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Venous Thrombosis/etiology , Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis/etiology , COVID-19/complications , Retinal Vessels/pathology , Tonometry, Ocular , Warfarin/administration & dosage , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Enoxaparin/administration & dosage , Conjunctiva/pathology , Venous Thrombosis/diagnosis , Venous Thrombosis/drug therapy , Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis/diagnosis , Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis/drug therapy , Slit Lamp Microscopy , SARS-CoV-2 , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage
3.
Chinese Journal of Medical Instrumentation ; (6): 38-42, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-971300

ABSTRACT

Accurate segmentation of retinal blood vessels is of great significance for diagnosing, preventing and detecting eye diseases. In recent years, the U-Net network and its various variants have reached advanced level in the field of medical image segmentation. Most of these networks choose to use simple max pooling to down-sample the intermediate feature layer of the image, which is easy to lose part of the information, so this study proposes a simple and effective new down-sampling method Pixel Fusion-pooling (PF-pooling), which can well fuse the adjacent pixel information of the image. The down-sampling method proposed in this study is a lightweight general module that can be effectively integrated into various network architectures based on convolutional operations. The experimental results on the DRIVE and STARE datasets show that the F1-score index of the U-Net model using PF-pooling on the STARE dataset improved by 1.98%. The accuracy rate is increased by 0.2%, and the sensitivity is increased by 3.88%. And the generalization of the proposed module is verified by replacing different algorithm models. The results show that PF-pooling has achieved performance improvement in both Dense-UNet and Res-UNet models, and has good universality.


Subject(s)
Algorithms , Retinal Vessels , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
4.
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences ; (12): 107-114, 2022.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-927640

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#We wanted to investigate the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network in patients with Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD).@*METHODS@#We compared RPC densities in the disk and different peripapillary regions, obtained using optical coherence tomography angiography in 22 patients with BCD (37 eyes) and 22 healthy subjects (37 eyes). The BCD group was then divided into Stage 2 and Stage 3 subgroups based on Yuzawa staging, comparing the RPC densities of the two.@*RESULTS@#The disk area RPC density was 38.8% ± 6.3% in the BCD group and 49.2% ± 6.1% in the control group ( P < 0.001), and peripapillary region RPC density was significantly lower in the BCD group than in the control group (49.1% ± 4.7% and 54.1% ± 3.0%, respectively, P < 0.001). There were no significant RPC density differences between the tempo quadrant and inside disk of Stages 2 and 3 subgroups; the other areas showed a significantly lower RPC density in Stage 3 than in Stage 2 BCD.@*CONCLUSION@#The BCD group RPC density was significantly lower than the control group. The reduction of RPC density in the tempo quadrant occurred mainly in the Stage 1 BCD. In contrast, the reduction of RPC density in superior, inferior, and nasal quadrants occurred mainly in Stage 2.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Angiography , Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary/physiopathology , Microvascular Density , Microvessels/physiopathology , Retinal Diseases/physiopathology , Retinal Vessels/physiopathology , Tomography, Optical Coherence
5.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 81: e0067, 2022. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407678

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A persistência do vítreo primário hiperplásico, atualmente referida como persistência da vasculatura fetal, é uma anomalia congênita que resulta da não regressão do vítreo vascular primário e do sistema da artéria hialoide durante a embriogênese. Trata-se de uma anomalia unilateral na maioria dos casos, esporádica e comumente não associada a nenhum outro achado sistêmico. Clinicamente, essa condição pode ser classificada em persistência anterior e em persistência posterior da vasculatura fetal. A condição anterior está relacionada ao sistema da artéria ciliar, enquanto a persistência da vasculatura posterior associa-se à artéria hialoide e pode apresentar anormalidades, com desfecho visual desfavorável. A detecção da persistência do vítreo primário hiperplásico é de suma importância, visto que é um diagnóstico diferencial para retinoblastoma. O relato de caso a seguir descreve o acompanhamento ambulatorial em um Serviço de Oftalmologia de uma criança do sexo masculino com persistência da vasculatura fetal unilateral e sem alterações sistêmicas.


ABSTRACT Hyperplastic primary vitreous persistence, currently referred to as fetal vasculature persistence, is a congenital anomaly that results from non-regression of the primary vascular vitreous and hyaloid artery system during embryogenesis. It is a unilateral anomaly in the vast majority of cases, sporadic and commonly not associated with any other systemic finding. Clinically, this condition can be classified into anterior and posterior persistence of fetal vasculature. The anterior condition is related to the ciliary artery system, while the persistence of the posterior vasculature is associated with the hyaloid artery, which may present abnormalities with an unfavorable visual outcome. Detecting persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous is of paramount importance, as it is a differential diagnosis for retinoblastoma. The following case report describes the outpatient follow-up at the ophthalmology service of the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) of a male child with persistent unilateral fetal vasculature and no systemic changes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Vitreous Body/abnormalities , Amblyopia/etiology , Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous/complications , Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous/diagnosis , Retinal Vessels/abnormalities , Ultrasonics , Visual Acuity , Microphthalmos , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Fundus Oculi
6.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 81: e0060, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407680

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the retinal blood vascular network of the retinographies of patients with different grades of diabetic retinopathy. Methods Ninety Retinographies (MESSIDOR database) were used, with different grades of diabetic retinopathy divided into 4 groups: no retinopathy (n=23), grade one (n=20), grade two (n=20) and grade three (n=27) diabetic retinopathy. The grades of diabetic retinopathy were classified according to the number of microaneurysms, number of hemorrhages and the presence of neovascularization. The images were skeletonized and quantified by fractal methods: dimension of box-counting (Dbc) and information (Dinf). Results The means of Dbc values of groups were around 1.25, without statistically significant difference in the dimension values between groups for whole retina. There was also no statistical difference in Dinf values between groups, whose means ranged between 1.294 ± 0.013 (group of grade 1) and 1.3 ± 0.017 (group of grade 3). The retinographies were divided into regions of equal areas. The fractal values of some retinal regions showed statistical differences, but these differences were not enough to show the sensitivity of fractal methods in identifying diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion The fractal methods were not able to identify the different grades of diabetic retinopathy in retinographies.


RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a rede vascular sanguínea da retina a partir de retinografias de pacientes com diferentes graus de retinopatia diabética. Métodos Foram utilizadas 90 retinografias (banco de dados MESSIDOR), com diferentes graus de retinopatia diabética divididas em quatro grupos: sem retinopatia (n=23), retinopatia diabética de grau um (n=20), grau dois (n=20) e grau três (n=27). Os graus de retinopatia foram classificados conforme o número de microaneurismas, número de hemorragias e presença de neovascularização. As imagens foram esqueletizadas e quantificadas pelos métodos fractais: dimensão da contagem de caixas e informação. Resultados As médias dos valores das dimensões de contagem de caixas para todos os grupos foram próximas a 1,25, sem diferença estatisticamente significativa nos valores das dimensões entre os grupos para retina inteira. Também não houve diferença estatística nos valores da dimensão de informação entre os grupos, cujas médias variaram entre 1,294 ± 0,013 (grupo do grau 1) e 1,3 ± 0,017 (grupo do grau 3). As imagens retinianas foram divididas em regiões de áreas iguais. Os valores fractais de algumas regiões retinais mostraram diferenças estatísticas, mas estas não foram suficientes para mostrar a sensibilidade dos métodos fractais na identificação da retinopatia diabética. Conclusão Os métodos fractais não foram capazes de identificar os diferentes graus de retinopatia diabética em retinografias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Retinal Vessels/diagnostic imaging , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Fractals , Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnostic imaging , Retina/pathology , Retina/diagnostic imaging , Retinal Vessels/pathology , Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological
7.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 84(4): 352-360, July-Aug. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1285304

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to compare the vessel density of the optic nerve head and radial peripapillary capillary in the eyes with early-stage primary open angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and control eyes. Methods: With visual field mean deviation scores >-6.0 dB, 54 eyes from 37 patients diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma (n=18) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (n=18) and healthy controls (n=18) were enrolled in this cross-sectional observational study. Retrieved from optical coherence tomography angiography, vessel density for the optic nerve head and radial peripapillary capillary were analyzed according to the distribution of the data and appropriate tests. The diagnostic accuracy of vessel density parameters was also assessed. Results: The whole-image vessel density of the radial peripapillary capillary and inside-disc vessel density of the optic nerve head were significantly lower in eyes with primary open angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma compared to those in the control eyes (p<0.05). Compared to that in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, the inside-disc vessel density of the optic nerve head was significantly lower in primary open angle glaucoma (p<0.05). Inferotemporal sector vessel density of the optic nerve head for both primary open angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma was significantly lower than that of the controls (p=0.009). In discrimination of primary open angle glaucoma vs. control and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma vs. control, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for inside-disc vessel density of the optic nerve head were 0.855 and 0.731, respectively (p<0.001, p=0.018). However, in discrimination of primary open angle glaucoma vs. pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for whole-image and inside-disc vessel densities of the optic nerve head were 0.707 and 0.722 (p=0.034, p=0.023). Conclusions: Vessel densities of the optic nerve head and radial peripapillary capillary were significantly lower in eyes with primary open angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma compared to healthy control eyes. In the early stage of glaucoma, the inside-disc vessel density of the optic nerve head slab may be lower in eyes with primary open angle glaucoma eyes compared to eyes with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.


RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a densidade vascular da cabeça do nervo óptico e a densidade capilar peripapilar radial em olhos em estágios iniciais de glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto e com glaucoma pseudoesfoliativo, bem como em olhos controle. Métodos: Este é um estudo observacional transversal, no qual foram incluídos 54 olhos com valores de desvio médio do campo visual superiores a -6,0 dB. Os olhos incluídos eram de 37 pacientes, diagnosticados com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto (n=18), glaucoma pseudoesfoliativo (n=18) e controles saudáveis (n=18). Os valores de densidade vascular da cabeça do nervo óptico e a densidade capilar peripapilar radial foram obtidos a partir de angiografias por tomografia de coerência óptica, analisados de acordo com a distribuição dos dados e submetidos a testes estatísticos apropriados. Também foi avaliada a precisão diagnóstica dos parâmetros de densidade vascular. Resultados: Os valores para a densidade capilar peripapilar radial e no interior do disco óptico nas imagens inteiras foram significativamente menores no glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto e no glaucoma pseudoesfoliativo do que no grupo controle (p<0,05). A densidade vascular no interior do disco óptico na cabeça do nervo óptico foi significativamente menor no glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto do que no glaucoma pseudoesfoliativo (p<0,05). A densidade vascular no setor temporal inferior da cabeça do nervo óptico foi significativamente menor tanto no glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto quanto no glaucoma pseudoesfoliativo, em comparação com o grupo controle (p=0,009). A área abaixo da curva de ROC para a densidade vascular no interior do disco óptico na cabeça do nervo óptico, foi de 0,855 para a comparação do glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto com o controle (p<0,001) e de 0,731 para a comparação do glaucoma pseudoesfoliativo com o controle (p=0,018). Porém, na comparação do glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto com o glaucoma pseudoesfoliativo, os valores da área abaixo da curva de ROC para a densidade vascular na imagem inteira e no interior do disco óptico na cabeça do nervo óptico foram respectivamente de 0,707 e 0,722 (p=0,034, p=0,023). Conclusões: A densidade vascular na cabeça do nervo óptico e a densidade capilar peripapilar radial mostraram-se significativamente diminuídas no glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto e no glaucoma pseudoesfoliativo, em comparação com olhos controle saudáveis. Nos estágios iniciais do glaucoma, a densidade vascular no interior do disco óptico, na cabeça do nervo óptico, pode ser menor em olhos com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto do que em olhos com glaucoma pseudoesfoliativo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Optic Disk , Glaucoma , Glaucoma, Open-Angle , Optic Disk/diagnostic imaging , Retinal Vessels , Fluorescein Angiography , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnostic imaging , Cross-Sectional Studies , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Intraocular Pressure
8.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 84(2): 149-157, Mar,-Apr. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153110

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe microvascular changes in the maculas of individuals with type 2 diabetes observed on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images. We compared the maculas of diabetic subjects without diabetic retinopathy with those of healthy subjects and correlated the findings with the clinical profiles of diabetic subjects. Methods: One eye each of 30 patients with diabetes and 30 healthy individuals were examined. The patients with diabetes underwent funduscopy, retinography, and fluorescein angiography to rule out retinopathy. All subjects underwent optical coherence tomography angiography of a macular area (6×6 mm2), and the foveal and parafoveal vascular densities were analyzed in the superficial and deep retinal vascular plexus. The foveal and parafoveal thicknesses, foveal avascular zone of the superficial plexus, and choriocapillaris flow area were also examined. The optical coherence tomography angiography results were compared between the two study groups and correlated with the following parameters: visual acuity, time since diabetes diagnosis, glycemic control, lipid profile, and renal function of patients with diabetes. Results: A minimal increase in the choriocapillaris flow area was observed in the patients with diabetes (mean area, 22.3 ± 4.6 mm2 in controls; 22.6 ± 3.9 mm2 in patients with diabetes) (p=0.017). No significant differences were observed between other optical coherence tomography angiography parameters analyzed in the two groups. Glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose levels were significantly negatively correlated with the foveal vascular density of both plexuses; conversely, fasting blood glucose levels were positively correlated with the choriocapillaris flow area (p=0.034). The other clinical parameters were not correlated with the optical coherence tomography angiography findings. Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography angiography may not be the most appropriate tool for detecting preclinical changes in patients with diabetes, moreover, optical coherence tomography angiography; does not replace clinical examinations. Glycemic control should be the primary clinical parameter considered during retinopathy screening. Larger studies are necessary to confirm these findings.


RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever alterações microvasculares na mácula em diabéticos do tipo 2 sem retinopatia diabética e pacientes saudáveis, e correlacionar achados com perfil clínico nos diabéticos. Métodos: Foram incluídos 60 olhos de 30 diabéticos e 30 pacientes saudáveis. Diabéticos realizaram fundoscopia, retinografia® (CR2; Canon Inc., New York, New York, USA) e angiografia fluoresceínica® (TRC-50DXC; Topcon Inc., Tokyo, Japan) para descartar a presença de retinopatia. Os 60 pacientes realizaram a angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica® (RTVue XR, Avanti, Optovue, Fremont, CA, USA) (área macular: 6 x 6 mm2) e foram analisados densidade vascular total, foveal e parafoveal no plexo capilar superficial e plexo capilar profundo, espessura foveal, espessura parafoveal, área da zona avascular da fóvea no plexo capilar superficial e área de fluxo da coriocapilar. Resultados da angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica foram comparados entre os 2 grupos e correlacionados com acuidade visual, tempo de diabetes, controle glicêmico, perfil lipídico e função renal nos diabéticos. Resultados: Observou-se aumento mínimo da área de fluxo da coriocapilar nos diabéticos, média das áreas foi de 22,3 ± 4,6 mm2 no grupo controle e 22,6 ± 3,9 mm2 em diabéticos (p=0,017). Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante entre outras variáveis da angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica analisadas nos dois grupos. Hemoglobina glicosilada e glicemia de jejum apresentaram correlação negativa estatisticamente significante com densidade vascular foveal de ambos os plexos e a glicemia de jejum se correlacionou positivamente com área de fluxo da coriocapilar (p=0,034). Outros dados clínicos avaliados não apresentaram correlação com achados da angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica. Conclusão: Resultados sugerem que a angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica pode não ser a melhor ferramenta na detecção de alterações pré-clínicas em diabéticos, não substituindo o exame clínico, e corroboram a ideia de que o controle glicêmico deve ser o principal parâmetro clínico a ser considerado na triagem da retinopatia. Estudos com amostras maiores são necessários para confirmar os achados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Fluorescein Angiography , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnostic imaging , Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnostic imaging , Retinal Vessels/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Fundus Oculi
9.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 80(1): 56-58, jan.-fev. 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1251313

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is characterized by the development of venous and/or arterial thrombosis and by gestational morbidity (recurrent fetal losses) in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. We report the case of a 38-year-old woman who was diagnosed with primary APS from thromboembolic abnormalities in the retinal periphery that led to retinal ischemia. The aim of this study is to share with physicians and medical undergraduates an atypical manifestation of the syndrome that is the most common acquired thrombophilia, that should be part of the diagnostic routine of all clinical specialties.


RESUMO A síndrome do anticorpo antifosfolipídio (SAAF) caracteriza-se pelo desenvolvimento de tromboses venosas e/ou arteriais e pela morbidade gestacional (perdas fetais recorrentes) na presença de anticorpos antifosfolipídicos. Foi relatado o caso de uma paciente de 38 anos que foi diagnosticada com SAAF primária, a partir de alterações tromboembólicas na periferia da retina, que levaram à isquemia retiniana. O objetivo desse estudo é compartilhar com médicos e acadêmicos de medicina uma manifestação atípica da síndrome que é a trombofilia adquirida mais comum, devendo fazer parte da rotina diagnóstica de todas as especialidades clínicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/complications , Ischemia/etiology , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Retinal Vessels/pathology , Thrombosis , Fluorescein Angiography , Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/diagnosis , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Ischemia/diagnosis
10.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 84(1): 2-10, Jan.-Feb. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153103

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the retinal and choroidal microvascular changes via optical coherence tomography angiography in patients who received hydroxy­chloroquine. Methods: In total, 28 eyes of 28 patients (24 females, and 4 males) receiving treatment with hydroxy­chloroquine were assessed in this cross-sectional cohort study (hydroxychloroquine group). The high-and low-risk groups consisted of patients receiving hydroxychloroquine for ≥5 years (14 eyes of 28 patients) and <5 years (14 eyes of 28 patients), respectively. A total of 28 age- and gender-matched volunteers were enrolled as the control group. The macular flow area (superficial, deep, and choriocapillaris), superficial and deep vessel density, foveal avascular zone area, central foveal thickness, and subfoveal choroidal thickness parameters were measured by optical coherence tomography angiography. Results: The mean age of the 28 patients who received hydroxychloroquine and the 28 age-matched controls was 45.5 ± 11.1 years (range: 29-70 years) and 44.5 ± 13.9 years (range: 28-70 years), respectively. In patients who received hydroxychloroquine, the values for the superficial, deep, and choriocapillaris macular flow areas were 13.578 ± 0.30, 13.196 ± 0.31, and 17.617 ± 0.42, respectively. In controls, these values were 16.407 ± 0.95, 13.857 ± 0.31, and 18.975 ± 0.76, respectively (p<0.05 for all). The superficial, deep, and cho­riocapillaris flow areas were significantly smaller in patients who received hydroxychloroquine than those in controls (p<0.05 for all). Superficial and deep vessel densities were significantly reduced in patients who received hydroxychlo­roquine in all regions (i.e., foveal, parafoveal, temporal, superior, nasal, and inferior) (p<0.05 for all). Moreover, significant difference was observed between the groups in the foveal avascular zone area (superficial and deep), central foveal thickness, and subfoveal choroidal thickness (p<0.05 for all). Conclusions: Retinochoroidal microvascular flow and vessel density of the macular area were significantly decreased in patients who received hydroxychloroquine. Hy­droxychloroquine may damage the retinochoroidal mi­cro­vascular architecture. Optical coherence tomography angiography may contribute to the early detection of hy­dro­xychloroquine-induced retinal toxicity.


RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi de avaliar as alterações microvasculares da retina e da coroide em pacientes sob hidroxicloroquina, através da angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica. Métodos: Este é um estudo transversal de coorte que avaliou um total de 28 olhos de 28 pacientes (24 mulheres e 4 homens) submetidos a tratamento com hidroxicloroquina (grupo da hidroxicloroquina). Catorze olhos de 28 pacientes em uso de hidroxicloroquina por mais de 5 anos foram definidos como sendo o grupo de alto risco, ao passo que o grupo de baixo risco consistiu em 14 olhos de 28 pacientes em uso de hidroxicloroquina por menos de 5 anos. Foram ainda incluídos 28 voluntários como grupo de controle, pareados por idade e sexo. Através de angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica, foram medidos os seguintes parâmetros: área do fluxo macular (superficial, profundo e coriocapilar), densi­dade vascular superficial e profunda, área da zona avascular foveal e espessura da coroide subfoveal. Resultados: Foram recrutados para o estudo um total de 28 pacientes sob tratamento com hidroxicloroquina, com idade média de 45,5 ± 11,1 (29-70) anos, e 28 membros do grupo de controle, pareados por idade e sexo, com idade média de 44,5 ± 13,9 (28-70) anos. As áreas superficial, profunda e coriocapilar do fluxo macular foram respectivamente de 13,578 ± 0,30, 13,196 ± 0,31 e 17,617 ± 0,42 nos pacientes em tratamento com hidroxicloroquina e, respectivamente de 16,407 ± 0,95, 13,857 ± 0,31 e 18,975 ± 0,76 no grupo de controle (p<0,05 para todos os valores). As três medições de área do fluxo macular foram significativamente menores nos pacientes em uso de hidroxicloroquina em comparação com os indivíduos do grupo de controle (p<0,05 para todos os valores). As densidades vasculares superficial e profunda mostraram-se significativamente reduzidas em todas as regiões (foveal, parafoveal, temporal, superior, nasal e inferior) nos pacientes em uso de hidroxicloroquina (p<0,05 para todos os valores). Finalmente, também foi observada uma diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação à área da zona avascular foveal (superficial e profunda), à espessura foveal central e à espessura da coroide subfoveal (p<0,05 para todos os valores). Conclusão: O fluxo microvascular retinocoroidal e a densidade vascular da área macular mostraram-se significativamente diminuídos nos pacientes sob hidroxicloroquina. Este fármaco pode danificar a arquitetura microvascular retinocoroidal e a angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica pode contribuir para a detecção precoce da toxicidade retiniana induzida pela hidroxicloroquina.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Hydroxychloroquine , Retinal Vessels/diagnostic imaging , Fluorescein Angiography , Visual Acuity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Choroid/diagnostic imaging , Hydroxychloroquine/adverse effects
11.
Rev. Soc. Colomb. Oftalmol ; 54(1): 67-70, 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1451280

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La vasculatura fetal persistente bilateral es una malformación ocular poco frecuente, generalmente unilateral, que suele presentarse como leucocoria. Objetivo: Presentar el caso de una paciente de 6 meses con leucocoria bilateral y diagnóstico de vasculatura fetal persistente bilateral. Resumen del caso: Reporte de caso por medio de recopilación de datos de la historia clínica, fotografías del segmento anterior de la paciente, ecografía ocular y resonancia magnética de cerebro. Conclusiones: La vasculatura fetal persistente bilateral es poco frecuente, pero hay que tenerla en cuenta en el momento del abordaje de un paciente con leucocoria bilateral, cuyo pronóstico visual depende de su reconocimiento y tratamiento tempranos.


Introduction: Bilateral persistent fetal vasculature is a rare developmental disorder of the eye, usually seen as leukocoria affecting only one eye. Objective: Report on a case of a 6 month old patient with bilateral leukocoria and diagnosis of bilateral persistent fetal vasculature. Case summary: Descriptive case report study with data from de medical history, anterior segment photographs, ocular ultrasonography and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions: Bilateral persistent fetal vasculature is an infrequent disease that has to be taken into account when approaching a patient with bilateral leukocoria, whose visual prognosis depends on the early detection and treatment


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Retinal Vessels , Vitreous Body
12.
Journal of Biomedical Engineering ; (6): 276-285, 2021.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-879275

ABSTRACT

The existing retinal vessels segmentation algorithms have various problems that the end of main vessels are easy to break, and the central macula and the optic disc boundary are likely to be mistakenly segmented. To solve the above problems, a novel retinal vessels segmentation algorithm is proposed in this paper. The algorithm merged together vessels contour information and conditional generative adversarial nets. Firstly, non-uniform light removal and principal component analysis were used to process the fundus images. Therefore, it enhanced the contrast between the blood vessels and the background, and obtained the single-scale gray images with rich feature information. Secondly, the dense blocks integrated with the deep separable convolution with offset and squeeze-and-exception (SE) block were applied to the encoder and decoder to alleviate the gradient disappearance or explosion. Simultaneously, the network focused on the feature information of the learning target. Thirdly, the contour loss function was added to improve the identification ability of the blood vessels information and contour information of the network. Finally, experiments were carried out on the DRIVE and STARE datasets respectively. The value of area under the receiver operating characteristic reached 0.982 5 and 0.987 4, respectively, and the accuracy reached 0.967 7 and 0.975 6, respectively. Experimental results show that the algorithm can accurately distinguish contours and blood vessels, and reduce blood vessel rupture. The algorithm has certain application value in the diagnosis of clinical ophthalmic diseases.


Subject(s)
Algorithms , Fundus Oculi , Optic Disk , ROC Curve , Retinal Vessels/diagnostic imaging
13.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 83(6): 497-504, Nov.-Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153074

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine the correlation between the extent of disorganization of the retinal inner layers (a parameter of spectral domain optical coherence tomography) and optical coherence tomography angiography parameters in eyes with center-involved macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 34 eyes of 34 patients with newly diagnosed macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion and evidence of center-involved macular edema. Optical coherence tomography angiography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography were evaluated after resolution of the macular edema. Disorganization of the retinal inner layers was determined via spectral domain optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography parameters, including foveal avascular zone area in the superficial capillary plexus and capillary nonperfusion areas, foveal avascular zone area in full retinal vasculature, foveal avascular zone perimeter, acircularity index of the foveal avascular zone, and foveal density. Results: The mean disorganization of the retinal inner layers extent was 512.72 ± 238.47 microns, and the mean capillary nonperfusion area was 4.98 ± 2.85 mm2. There was a positive correlation between the extent of disorganization of the retinal inner layers and capillary nonperfusion area (p<0.001, r=0.901). Greater extent of disorganization of the retinal inner layers and the capillary nonperfusion area was correlated with wider foveal avascular zone area (p=0.014 and p=0.036, respectively) in the superficial capillary plexus and decreased foveal density (vessel density in 300 microns around the foveal avascular zone) (p=0.031 and p=0.022, respectively). These parameters were also correlated with decreased vessel density in both the superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus in the parafoveal and peri­foveal regions (p<0.05 for all). Conclusions: Disorganization of the retinal inner layers appears to be a correlated biomarker of capillary ischemia in retinal vein occlusion. The extent of disorganization of the retinal inner layers was strongly correlated with the capillary nonperfusion area. This may support the notion that the extent of disorganization of the retinal inner layers can be used as an easily obtainable and crucial surrogate marker of capillary ischemia.


RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a correlação entre a ex­tensão da desorganização das camadas internas da retina, que constitui um parâmetro da tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral, e os parâmetros da angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica em olhos com edema macular com envolvimento central associado à oclusão da veia retiniana. Métodos: Este estudo retrospectivo observacional incluiu 34 olhos de 34 pacientes com edema macular recém-diag­nosticado associado à oclusão da veia retiniana e com evidência de edema macular com envolvimento central. Após a resolução do edema macular, foram avaliadas a tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral e a angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica. A desorganização das camadas internas da retina foi determinada através de parâmetros da tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral e da angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica, incluindo a área da zona avascular foveal no plexo capilar superficial e nas regiões sem perfusão capilar, a área da zona avascular foveal na vascularização total da retina, o perímetro da zona avascular foveal, o índice de não circularidade da zona avascular foveal e a densidade foveal. Resultados: A extensão média da desorganização das camadas internas da retina foi de 512,72 ± 238,47 mm e a área média da região sem perfusão capilar foi de 4,98 ± 2,85 mm2. Houve uma correlação positiva entre a extensão da desorganização das camadas internas da retina e a área da região sem perfusão capilar (p<0,001, r=0,901). Maior extensão da desorganização das camadas internas da retina e da região sem perfusão capilar correlacionaram-se a uma área maior da zona avascular foveal (respectivamente, p=0,014 e p=0,036) no plexo capilar superficial e a uma menor densidade foveal (a densidade vascular nos 300 μm à volta da zona avascular foveal; respectivamente, p=0,031 e p=0,022), e também se correlacionaram a uma menor densidade vascular tanto no plexo capilar superficial como no profundo, nas regiões parafoveal e perifoveal (p<0,05 em todas as correlações). Conclusão: A desorganização das camadas internas da retina parece ser um biomarcador correlacionado com a isquemia capilar na oclusão da veia retiniana. O fato de que a extensão dessa desorganização se correlacionou fortemente com a área sem perfusão capilar sugere o uso da extensão da desorganização das camadas internas da retina como um marcador substituto de isquemia capilar, sendo este um marcador importante e facilmente obtido.


Subject(s)
Humans , Retinal Vein Occlusion , Fluorescein Angiography , Macula Lutea , Retinal Vessels/diagnostic imaging , Retinal Vein Occlusion/diagnostic imaging , Visual Acuity , Tomography, Optical Coherence
14.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 83(6): 473-477, Nov.-Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153078

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe the findings on optical coherence tomography angiography associated with Alport syndrome. Methods: Descriptive study from a referral ophthalmology service (Hospital Evangélico de Vila Velha, Brazil). Patients diagnosed with Alport syndrome were included. Results: The study group consisted of four patients (one female and three males) diagnosed with Alport syndrome. Visual acuity in the worst eye was between 20/40 and 20/60. All male patients had anterior lenticonus on biomicroscopy. The observed retinal findings included dots and flecks and pigmentary changes in the macula. On optical coherence tomography angiography, the inner retinal layers of all patients displayed thinning (especially in the temporal quadrant of the macula) and an increase in the foveal avascular zone. A thick choroid was observed in both eyes of the two youngest patients. Conclusions: In patients with Alport syndrome, the inner retinal layers suffer changes due to type IV collagen mutations. Optical coherence tomography angiography makes it possible to visualize and document these findings, making it a useful tool in the detection of early retinal findings associated with Alport syndrome.


RESUMO Objetivos: Descrever os achados na angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica associada à síndrome de Alport. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de um serviço de referência em Oftalmologia (Hospital Evangélico de Vila Velha, Brasil). Os pacientes diagnosticados com síndrome de Alport, foram incluídos. Resultados: O grupo de estudo foi composto por quatro pacientes (um feminino e três homens) com diagnóstico de síndrome de Alport. A acuidade visual no pior olho estava entre 20/40 a 20/60. Todos os pacientes do sexo masculino apresentaram lenticone anterior à biomiscroscopia. Os achados da retina observados incluíram pontos e manchas e alterações pigmentares na mácula. Na angiotomografia de coerência óptica, as camadas internas da retina de todos os pacientes apresentaram afinamento (especialmente na região temporal da mácula) e aumento da zona avascular foveal. Uma coroide espessa foi observada em ambos os olhos dos dois pacientes mais jovens. Conclusões: Em pacientes com síndrome de Alport, as camadas internas da retina sofrem alterações devido à mutação do colágeno tipo IV. A angiotomografia de coerência óptica permite visualizar esses achados, tornando-o uma ferramenta útil na detecção de achados iniciais da retina associados à síndrome de Alport.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Macula Lutea , Nephritis, Hereditary , Retinal Vessels , Brazil , Fluorescein Angiography , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Nephritis, Hereditary/diagnostic imaging
15.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 83(6): 517-525, Nov.-Dec. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153088

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate vascular density in super­ficial and deep capillary plexuses of the retina, measured using optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion. Affected eyes were compared with the contralateral eye of the same patient and both were compared with normal eyes. Methods: A cross-sectional study including 16 previously untreated patients with branch retinal vein occlusion. Patients with poor quality examinations, bilateral disease, high refractive error, or any other retinal or choroidal disease were excluded. A total of 31 patients without eye disease were also selected as a comparison group. All participants underwent five optical coherence tomography angiographies, and only those with at least two good quality examinations were selected. The Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon signed-rank, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Vascular density was lower in affected eyes compared with contralateral eyes: whole density (p=0.020 for capillary plexuses superficial; p=0.049 for deep capillary plexuses) and parafoveal density (p=0.020 for capillary plexuses superficial; p=0.011 for deep capillary plexuses). Vascular density was also lower in affected eyes compared with normal eyes: whole density (p<0.001 for capillary plexuses superficial and deep) and parafoveal density (p<0.001 for capillary plexuses superficial and deep). Whole density (p=0.001 for capillary plexuses superficial and deep) and parafoveal density (p=0.001 for capillary plexuses superficial; p<0.001 for deep capillary plexuses) were both lower in the contralateral eyes compared with normal eyes. Following adjustment for arterial hypertension, this difference was no longer observed. Conclusions: Vascular density in capillary plexuses and deep capillary plexuses was lower in the eyes affected by branch retinal vein occlusion. Furthermore, the lower vascular density noted in the contralateral eyes indicates that changes most likely occurred in these eyes prior to the appearance of any clinically detectable alterations, reflecting the early signs of hypertensive retinopathy.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a densidade vascular do plexo capilar superficial e profundo da retina, usando angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica em pacientes com oclusão de ramo da veia central da retina, comparando o olho afetado com o contralateral do mesmo paciente e ambos com olhos normais. Métodos: Estudo transversal. Incluídos dezesseis pacientes com oclusão de ramo da veia central da retina sem tratamento prévio. Pacientes com exames de baixa qualidade, altas ametropias, outras patologias de retina ou coróide foram excluídos. Para comparação, trinta e um pacientes sem doença ocular foram selecionados. Todos foram submetidos a cinco exames angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica, apenas aqueles com pelo menos dois exames de boa qualidade permaneceram no estudo. Os testes Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, e Mann-Whitney foram utilizados. Resultados: Densidades vasculares mais baixas do plexo capilar superficial e plexo capilar profundo foram observadas quando olhos com oclusão de ramo da veia central da retina foram comparados com os contralaterais: densidade total (p=0,02 para plexo capilar superficial, p=0,049 para plexo capilar profundo), densidade parafoveal (p=0,02 para plexo capilar superficial, p=0,011 para plexo capilar profundo). Comparando olhos acometidos com olhos normais, também foram observadas densidades vasculares mais baixas de plexo capilar superficial e plexo capilar profundo: densidade total (ambos com p<0,001) e densidade parafoveal (ambos com p<0,001). Quando os olhos contralaterais foram comparados aos normais, tanto a densidade total do plexo capilar superficial e plexo capilar profundo (ambos com p=0,001) quanto a densidade parafoveal (plexo capilar superficial com p=0,001, plexo capilar profundo com p<0,001) foram menores. Ao se realizar uma subanálise, minimizando o fator hipertensão arterial, esta diferença não se manteve. Conclusões: Densidades vasculares mais baixas do plexo capilar superficial e do plexo capilar profundo foram observadas em olhos com oclusão de ramo da veia central da retina. Além disso, a presença de densidades vasculares mais baixas nos olhos contralaterais mostra que já existem altera­ções nesses olhos antes das alterações clínicas, devido a al­terações inicias da retinopatia hipertensiva.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Retinal Vessels/diagnostic imaging , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage , Retinal Vein Occlusion/diagnosis , Capillaries/diagnostic imaging , Fluorescein Angiography/methods , Visual Acuity , Choroid/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Retinal Vein Occlusion/physiopathology , Retinal Vein Occlusion/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome , Fundus Oculi , Microcirculation/drug effects
16.
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society ; : 111-115, 2020.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-811303

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report a case of retinal toxicity after an intravitreal ganciclovir injection to treat acute retinal necrosis in an eye filled with silicone oil.CASE SUMMARY: A 56-year-old male presented with ocular pain and visual loss in his right eye. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25, inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber, multiple retinitis lesions and retinal vessel occlusions in the peripheral retina and vitreous opacity were showed. Acute retinal necrosis was suspected, anterior chamber polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was done. Aciclovir 2,400 mg/day intravenously and ganciclovir 2.0 mg were administered by intravitreal injection. After 4 days, retinitis was worsened and PCR test was positive for varicella zoster virus. Ganciclovir intravitreal injections were increased twice a week. After 16 days, retinal detachment occurred, so scleral encircling, vitrectomy, laser photocoagulation, and silicone oil tamponade were conducted. Ganciclovir 1.0 mg was injected at the end of surgery. The patient's visual acuity decreased to hand motion, and multiple crystal deposits with multiple retinal hemorrhages were observed in the right eye the next day. Visual acuity did not recover and optical coherent tomography showed that the macula was thinned.CONCLUSIONS: Visual loss seemed to be related with the retinal toxicity of ganciclovir. The increased local concentration due to the silicone oil tamponade is thought to have caused the toxicity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acyclovir , Anterior Chamber , Ganciclovir , Hand , Herpesvirus 3, Human , Intravitreal Injections , Light Coagulation , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Retina , Retinal Detachment , Retinal Hemorrhage , Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute , Retinal Vessels , Retinaldehyde , Retinitis , Silicon , Silicones , Visual Acuity , Vitrectomy
17.
Chinese Journal of Medical Instrumentation ; (6): 108-112, 2020.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-942709

ABSTRACT

Retinal vascular function is complex, morphological structure varies from person to person, and is susceptible to vascular diseases and systemic vascular diseases. Its accurate segmentation is of great significance for disease diagnosis and identification. In this paper, a multi-scale matching filtering algorithm is proposed for the uneven size of retinal blood vessels. On the basis of the traditional singlescale Gaussian matching filter, multiscale Gaussian matched filters with two sizes are used to enhance grayscale images. Enhancement is performed, and the superimposed image is binarized using a twodimensional maximum entropy threshold segmentation algorithm. The algorithm is tested in the DRIVE database with sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 0.803, 0.959, 0.981, respectively. Comparing with the traditional algorithm, the algorithm has high sensitivity, fast running speed and rich details of segmentation results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Algorithms , Entropy , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Retinal Vessels/diagnostic imaging
18.
Chinese Journal of Medical Instrumentation ; (6): 13-19, 2020.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-942688

ABSTRACT

In robot-assisted eye surgery, such as retinal vascular bypass surgery, precise positioning of operating points is required. In this study, a binocular vision-based 3D reconstruction method is proposed to locate the incision points on retinal vessels. Vessels in the image were extracted by CLAHE algorithm to remove the influence of background, then stereo matching was performed. Finally, the retinal vessel image was reconstructed by using the principle of parallax in binocular vision. Experimental results show that this method can accurately locate the incision points on retinal vessels and meet the requirements of ophthalmic surgery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Algorithms , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures , Retinal Vessels/diagnostic imaging , Robotic Surgical Procedures , Vision, Binocular
19.
Journal of Clinical Neurology ; : 19-28, 2020.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-782081

ABSTRACT

0.05). Similarly, no significant difference was detected in retinal arteriolar tortuosity (Z=0.91) and venular tortuosity (Z=1.31) (both p>0.05). However, the retinal arteriolar FD (mean difference: −0.03, 95% CI: −0.05, −0.01) and venular FD (mean difference: −0.03, 95% CI: −0.05, −0.02) were associated with cognitive impairment.CONCLUSIONS: A smaller retinal microvascular FD might be associated with cognitive impairment. Further large-sample and well-controlled original studies are required to confirm the present findings.


Subject(s)
Cognition Disorders , Fractals , Publication Bias , Retina , Retinal Artery , Retinal Vessels , Retinaldehyde
20.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 39(3): 434-439, jul.-set. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038804

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Fabry disease is a rare X-linked disorder caused by an alpha-galactosidase enzyme deficiency, which leads to a progressive lysosomal glycosphingolipids accumulation, mainly globotriaosylceramide, in multiple organism tissues including the eye. This case series describes the first ophthalmological Colombian report of Fabry disease highlighting the importance of ocular signs as markers of the disease, useful in diagnosis and treatment to avoid long-term complications that lead to a morbi-mortality increment. We describe five cases of Fabry disease from Bogotá, Colombia, including a complete clinical history, ophthalmologic, optometric examination, and photographs. We found that all patients had refractive defects and that in all cases corneal verticillata pattern was found. Four patients presented with posterior capsule lens brown-beige deposits and four patients had conjunctival and retinal tortuous vessels. A complete ophthalmologic examination is important for prompt diagnosis, which is key to starting a multidisciplinary treatment and reducing morbi-mortality.


RESUMEN La enfermedad de Fabry es un raro trastorno ligado al cromosoma X causado por deficiencia de la enzima alfa-galactosidasa y la consiguiente y progresiva acumulación lisosómica de glucoesfingolípidos, especialmente la globotriaosilceramida, en múltiples tejidos del organismo, incluido el ojo. En este reporte se presenta la primera serie de casos de manifestaciones oculares de la enfermedad de Fabry en Colombia, resaltando la importancia de los signos oculares como ayuda para el diagnóstico temprano. Se presentan cinco casos de la enfermedad en Bogotá y se da cuenta de las historias clínicas y los exámenes oftalmológicos y de optometría, y se incluyen fotografías. En todos los pacientes se hallaron errores de refracción y se evidenció el patrón de córnea verticillata. Cuatro pacientes presentaban depósitos de color café y castaño claro en la cápsula posterior del cristalino, y cuatro tenían tortuosidad vascular conjuntival y retiniana. El examen oftalmológico completo es importante para hacer un diagnóstico oportuno con el fin de iniciar el tratamiento multidisciplinario y reducir la morbimortalidad.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Fabry Disease/complications , Eye Diseases/diagnosis , Refractive Errors/diagnosis , Retinal Vessels/abnormalities , Cataract/diagnosis , Amblyopia/diagnosis , Fabry Disease/genetics , Colombia , Conjunctiva/abnormalities , Conjunctiva/blood supply , Heterozygote , Lacrimal Apparatus/abnormalities
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